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-
- Act 1 Scene 1
-
- King Henry is addressing his supporters. He hopes
- that England will continue to be peaceful, free
- from the horrors of civil war. He intends now to
- lead an army in a Crusade to Jerusalem, to fight the
- pagans (Turks) who are in possession of the
- Christian Holy Land. Westmorland, however, has
- brought bad news of fresh aggression: the Welsh
- and the Scots are now attacking the English ù and
- so the Crusade must be postponed. The KingÆs
- nephew, Hotspur, is being difficult; but Henry
- wishes that his own son were like Hotspur in
- bravery.
- 1 shaken: upset.
- wan: pale.
- 2 frighted: frightened.
- pant: pause for breath.
- 3 breathe . . . accents: speak breathlessly.
- broils: quarrels.
- 4 strands: shores.
- 5, 6 The King hopes that the blood of
- Englishmen will never again be shed in their own
- motherland.
- 7 trenching: digging trenches (channels).
- 8 flowÆrets: little flowers.
- armed: iron-shod.
- 9 opposed eyes: i.e. the eyes of opposing
- armies.
- 11 All of the same sort and nationality.
- 12 intestine: internal.
- 13 close: meeting (in battle).
- 14 mutual: united.
- well-beseeming: suitable.
- ranks: military order.
- 15 all one way: in the same direction.
- 16 acquaintance: friends.
- 17 edge: sword.
- 19, 20, 21, 22 The King intends to recruit (ôlevyö)
- an army (ôpowerö) of English soldiers and lead
- them as far as Jerusalem (to the tomb where Christ
- was buried).
- 20, 21 Henry sees himself as a soldier of Christ,
- conscripted (ôimpressedö) to fight under the sign
- of the cross (as soldiers marched behind the
- banners of their commanders).
- 27 for our advantage: Christians believe that
- Christ was crucified for the salvation of mankind.
- bitter: cruel.
- 28 ôWe have intended to do this for the past
- yearö.
- 29 bootless: unnecessary.
- 30 Therefor . . . now: that is not why we are
- meeting now.
- 31 Of: from.
- gentle cousin: noble relation (Shakespeare uses
- the word ôcousinö to refer to any close relation:
- Westmorland was in fact married to HenryÆs half-
- sister.)
- 32 yesternight: last night.
- 33 expedience: undertaking (which is
- important ù ôdearö ù to HenryÆs heart).
- 34 liege: lord.
- haste: urgent business.
- hot in question: being seriously discussed.
- 35 We had already decided (ôset downö) who
- should have the responsibility (limit) for many of
- the duties (ôchargeö).
- 36 all athwart: interrupting, upsetting.
- 37 post: messenger.
- heavy: serious, worrying.
- 38 Whose worst: the worst of which.
- 40 irregular: lawless; Glyndwr was fighting
- guerrilla warfare.
- 43 Whose . . . corpse: i.e. the bodies of the
- thousand soldiers.
- 44 transformation: atrocity.
- 48 Brake: broke.
- 49 matched with other: together with other
- bad news.
- 50 uneven: unpleasant, disturbing.
- 51 thus it did import: this is what it said.
- 52 Holy-rood Day: 14 September, the day of
- the Christian festival celebrating the Cross (rood)
- of Christ.
- 54 approved: of proven worth.
- 56 ôSo far as we could tell from the way they
- were firing (ôartilleryö means arrows and other
- missiles, as well as guns) and from the way things
- seemed likely to happenö.
- 59 them: i.e. the news.
- 60 pride of their contention: height of their
- battle.
- 61 issue: outcome.
- 63 lighted: alighted.
- 64 Sir WalterÆs mud-stained clothes seem to
- show all the different soils that he has ridden
- through to get to London and the KingÆs palace
- (ôthis seat of oursö).
- 66 smooth: pleasant.
- 67 discomfited: defeated.
- 69 Balked: overthrown; a ôbalkö is the ridge
- between two furrows of a ploughed field ù the
- bodies were piled in heaps, making furrows
- through which their blood drained away.
- 74 spoil: prize.
- 76 In faith: indeed.
- 80 ôA son who is always the subject when
- men are talking about honourö.
- 82 minion: darling, favourite.
- 86 There was a popular superstition that the
- fairies would sometimes steal a beautiful human
- baby from its cradle, leaving in its place a weak or
- ugly child (a changeling).
- 90 let . . . thoughts: forget about him.
- coz: the abbreviation of ôcousinö.
- 92 surprised: captured.
- 93 To . . . use: for his own advantage (i.e. so
- that Hotspur can keep the ransom money instead of
- giving it to the King).
- 94 Mordake: the earl was of royal blood, so
- Hotspur was obliged to surrender him to the King.
- 96 Worcester is spoken of as a planet which,
- however it appears (ôin all aspectsö) is always
- hostile (ôMalevolentö).
- 97 Taught by his uncle, Hotspur is proud and
- disdainful: he is like a cock, which will preen
- (ôpruneö) its feathers and erect its comb (ôcrestö)
- when it intends to fight.
- 103 so . . . lords: inform the Council of these
- facts.
- 106 ôThan I can say in my present angerö.
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